Very often, water in cooling systems will have colloid sized particles. These include alumina, silica, bacteria, and algae. The colloidal particles have a surface charge that is relatively weak. As the colloids move around in the water, they collide and aggregate.

When the colloids pass through the Triangular Wave field, the surface charges on the colloids are enhanced. Some researchers theorize that this effect may be caused by an ordering of water molecules adsorbed on the surface of the colloids.  The net result is that the colloids repel each other and from the sides of the equipment, and do not form deposits on the surfaces of the equipment.

In the case of bacteria, slime-forming bacteria attach to the walls of the equipment and form biofilm. Biofilm is the habitat for other bacteria such as Legionella (Legionnaires disease).  The Triangular Wave System enhances the surface charges of the slime-forming bacteria, preventing them from attaching to the equipment. This deprives the other bacteria of a habitat they need to feed and propagate. Over a few days time, most of the bacteria die.