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What are KDF
Process Media for Filtration?
How do KDF Process Media
Work?
Will KDF remove Iron from the
Water?
How Does KDF Remove Chlorine
from the Water?
How does KDF Remove Hydrogen
Sulfide from the Water?
Will the KDF process media
remove heavy metals such as lead from the water?
Will the KDF process media
control microorganism growth in the water filters?
Will the KDF filter
systems
add any toxic substances to the water?
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What are KDF
Process Media for Filtration?
KDF process media are
high-purity copper-zinc granules used in a number of pretreatment, primary
treatment, and wastewater treatment applications. KDF media supplement or
replace existing technologies to dramatically extend life of the system,
control heavy metals and microorganisms, lower total cost, and decrease
maintenance.
KDF media are produced as two
principle products: KDF 55 process media and KDF 85 process medium, with
KDF-F (fines) versions. Granular KDF medium are atomized into irregularly
sized and shaped particles (-10 to +100 mesh) that permit fluids to flow
through without excessive back pressure.
KDF 55 granules
are most effective in removing chlorine and water-soluble heavy metals.
KDF 85
granules effectively reduce iron and hydrogen sulfide.
KDF-F
(fines) media can be incorporated into carbon blocks and other matrices
for chlorine removal, bacteria control, and similar applications.
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How do KDF Process Media
Work?
KDF process media are
high-purity copper-zinc granules used in a number of pretreatment, primary
treatment, and wastewater treatment applications. KDF media supplement or
replace existing technologies to dramatically extend life of the system,
control heavy metals and microorganisms, lower total cost, and decrease
maintenance. KDF process media work to reduce or remove chlorine, iron,
hydrogen sulfide, lead, mercury, calcium carbonate, magnesium, chromium,
bacteria, algae, and fungi.
Patented KDF process media are
100 percent recyclable and contain no chemical additives. Hospitals,
restaurants, municipal water treatment facilities, and homes rely on KDF
process media to safely reduce or remove chlorine, iron, hydrogen sulfide,
heavy metals, and bacteria from their water.
KDF media utilize an
old process in a new way -- the oxidation and reduction of ions, known as redox.
In short, the redox process works by exchanging electrons with contaminants.
This give and take of electrons converts many harmful contaminants into
harmless components, such as chlorine to chloride. Other contaminants,
including heavy metals, bond to the KDF media, which greatly reduces or
virtually eliminates these substances.
KDF process media control
microorganisms in two ways. The first is a by-product of redox; the exchange
of electrons sets up an electrolytic field in which most microorganisms
can't survive. Second, the process of forming hydroxyl radicals and
peroxides from some of the water molecules interferes with the
microorganisms' ability to function.
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Will KDF remove Iron from the
Water?
Redox
media alloys function as catalysts to change soluble ferrous cations
(positively-charged ions) into insoluble ferric hydroxide, which can be
removed with regular backwashing. With enough oxygen dissolved in the
water, iron removal rates of 98 percent or better are common.
-
Major municipal organization uses KDF 85 granules to effectively remove
iron from the ground water at 350 gpm (gallons per minute).
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How Does KDF Remove Chlorine
from the Water?
High-purity
copper-zinc redox media consistently remove 99% of free chlorine by
electrochemically reducing dissolved chlorine gas to water-soluble
chloride ions.
- National
clinical laboratory used KDF 55 medium as a pretreatment to reverse
osmosis membranes for high-purity. System has been in operation for 9
years at 6,000 gallons per day.
Northeastern U.S. commercial
laundry facility uses KDF 55 process medium as a pretreatment to ion
exchange resins at 200 gpm (gallons per minute). The switch from
granular activated carbon (GAC) represented a major cost savings for the
company.
Major U.S. blue jean
manufacturer uses KDF 55 medium for pretreatment to ion exchange systems
at 600 gpm; 175 gpm also used for reclaiming plant's waste stream from
production.
KDF process medium are being
used to complement or replace activated carbon filters, removing up to
95% of the chlorine in municipal water. KDF media pretreatment of
granular activated carbon also extends the carbon's life and limits
bacteria growth in the bed.
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How does KDF Remove Hydrogen
Sulfide from the Water?
When hydrogen sulfide
contaminated water enters the KDF filter, the copper in the KDF media
loses an electron and the sulfur gains an electron and copper sulfide
and water are formed. The copper sulfide is insoluble in water
and can be backwashed off the KDF filter media.
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Will the KDF process media
remove heavy metals such as lead from the water?
KDF media remove up
to 98% of water-soluble cations (positively-charged ions) of lead,
mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, and other dissolved metals.
When filtered through KDF media,
soluble lead cations are reduced to insoluble lead atoms, which are
electroplated onto the surface of the media. Other heavy metals bond to
the media and may be recovered when the exhausted media pass through a
copper smelter.
- New Jersey's Department of
Environmental Protection and Energy uses KDF 55 redox alloy medium in
point-of-entry treatment systems (POET) to remove mercury in
residential applications. KDF media consistently reduce mercury from
initial concentrations of 13 ppb through 24 ppb (parts per billion) to
concentration levels below 0.5 ppb.
- Major U.S. circuit board
manufacturer uses KDF media to remove 94.4% of lead in the effluent
water used to rinse off printed circuit boards. The water is now
recycled in a closed-loop rinse-down system, which saves the company
approximately $10,000 each year.
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Will the KDF process media
control microorganism growth in the water filters?
KDF media are
incorporated into carbon blocks and other matrices for bacteria control
and scale reduction.
The oxidation/reduction potential
(ORP) shift by a factor of -300mV or more for water filtered through redox
media controls microorganism growth. Treating water reduces bacteria and
other microorganisms by disrupting electron transport, causing cellular
damage. KDF process media also kill bacteria by direct electrochemical
contact and by the flash formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen
peroxide, both of which interfere with a microorganism's ability to
function.
- A major plastic injection
molder uses KDF media to treat cooling water for a 60,000 sq. foot
plant. Mineral hardness scale is virtually eliminated at about 25
percent of the cost of chemicals, and none of the heat exchangers have
been replaced. With chemical treatments, scale continues to form in
the cooling towers, causing damage to the heat exchangers, which often
results in expensive repairs. KDF redox alloy media provides an
effective, less costly alternative to chemical treatments.
- Major municipal cooling towers
depend on KDF media to effectively control algae and bacteria, without
the use of chemicals harmful to the environment.
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Will the KDF filter
systems
add any toxic substances to the water?
KDF process media are completely
safe. KDF media meet EPA and Food and Drug Administration standards for
levels of zinc and copper in potable water, so the process is not toxic
and does not cause any adverse side effects.
You
may not even realize that KDF process media are working for you. KDF media
is the core product of many filtration systems, and can be used in
conjunction with other products to provide superior purification.
Patented KDF process media
consist of high-purity copper-zinc formulations. These substances exchange
electrons or bond with chlorine and other metals contained in the water to
create harmless substances.
Through this basic chemical
process known as redox (oxidation/reduction), KDF process media work
behind the scenes to rid your water of chlorine, lead, mercury, iron and
hydrogen sulfide. The redox reaction also inhibits the growth of bacteria,
algae, and fungi. As an added benefit, KDF media reduce lime scale, mold,
and fungi in your tub or shower.
KDF media are environmentally sound
and 100% recyclable, but please refer to the instructions enclosed with your
filter or system for proper disposal, as different manufacturers combine KDF
process media with other filtration technologies.
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